PERSIMMON

Diospyros kaki Linn

Ebenaceae

Common Names: Persimmon, Oriental Persimmon, Japanese Persimmon, Kaki.

Related species: Black Sapote (Diospyros digyna), Mabolo, Velvet Apple (D. discolor), Date Plum (D. lotus), Texas Persimmon (D. texana), American Persimmon (D. virginiana).

Origin: The oriental persimmon is native to China, where it has been cultivated for centuries and more than two thousand different cultivars exist. It spread to Korea and Japan many years ago where additional cultivars were developed. The plant was introduced to California in the mid 1800's.

POMEGRANATE

Punica granatum L.

Punicaceae

Common Names: Pomegranate, Granada (Spanish), Grenade (French).

Related Species: Punica proto-punica.

Origin: The pomegranate is native from Iran to the Himalayas in northern India and was cultivated and naturalized over the whole Mediterranean region since ancient times. It is widely cultivated throughout India and the drier parts of southeast Asia, Malaya, the East Indies and tropical Africa. The tree was introduced into California by Spanish settlers in 1769. In this country it is grown for its fruits mainly in the drier parts of California and Arizona.

OLIVE

Olea europaea L.

Oleaceae

Common Name: Olive

Related Species: Wild Olive (Olea africana), Oleaster (O. europaea var. oleaster.

Distant Affinity: American Olive (Osmanthus americana), Fragrant Olive (O. fragrans).

Origin: The olive is native to the Mediterranean region, tropical and central Asia and various parts of Africa. The olive has a history almost as long as that of Western civilization, its development being one of civilized man's first accomplishments. At a site in Spain, carbon-dating has shown olive seed found there to be eight thousand years old.

MULBERRY

Morus spp.

Moraceae

Common Names: Mulberry

Species: White Mulberry (Morus alba L.), Black Mulberry (M. nigra L.), American Mulberry, Red Mulberry (M. rubra L.). Hybrid forms exist between Morus alba and M. rubra

Related Species: Korean Mulberry (Morus australis), Himalayan Mulberry (M. laevigata

Distant Affinity: Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), Jackfruit (A. heterophyllus), Fig (Ficus spp.), Che (Cudrania tricuspidata), African Breadfruit (Treculia african)

TAMARIND

Tamarindus indica L.

Leguminosae (Fabaceae)

Common Names: Tamarind, Tamarindo, Tamarin, Sampalok.

Distant affinity: Carob (Ceratonia siliqua).

Origin: The tamarind is native to tropical Africa and grows wild throughout the Sudan. It was introduced into India so long ago, it has often been reported as indigenous there also. It is extensively cultivated in tropical areas of the world. Sometime during the sixteenth century, it was introduced into America and today is widely grown in Mexico

BANANA

Musa species

Musaceae

Common Names: Banana, Bananier Nain, Canbur, Curro, Plantain

Origin: Edible bananas originated in the Indo-Malaysian region reaching to northern Australia.

Species: Musa acuminata Colla, M. X paradisiaca L. (hybrid)

Related species Abyssinian Banana (Ensete ventricossum Cheesman), Musa balbisina Colla, M. ornata Roxb., M. textilis Nee

Adaptation Bananas and plantains are today grown in every humid tropical region and constitutes the 4th largest fruit crop of the world. The plant needs 10 - 15 months of frost-free conditions to produce a flower stalk. All but the hardiest varieties stop growing when the temperature drops below 53° F. Growth of the plant begins to slow down at about 80° F and stop entirely when the

PAPAYA

Carica papaya L

Caricaceae

Common Names: Papaya, Papaw or Paw Paw (Australia), Mamao (Brazil), Tree Melon.

Related Species: Babaco (Carica pentagona), Mountain Papaya (C. pubescens), Chamburo (C. stipulata)

Origin: The papaya is believed to be native to southern Mexico and neighboring Central America. It is now present in every tropical and subtropical country.

Adaptation: Papayas have exacting climate requirements for vigorous growth and fruit production. They must have warmth throughout the year and will be damaged by light frosts. Brief exposure to 32° F is damaging and prolonged cold without overhead sprinkling will kill the plants. Cold, wet soil is almost always lethal. Cool temperatures will also alter fruit flavor. Papayas make excellent container and greenhouse specimens where soil moisture and temperature can be moderated

PINEAPPLE

Ananas comosus

Bromeliaceae

Common Names: Pineapple, Ananas, Nanas, Pina

Related Species: Pina de Playon (Ananas bracteatus)

Distant affinity: Pingwing (Aechmea magdalenae), Pinguin (Bromelia pinguin), Pinuela (Karatas plumier)

Origin: The pineapple is native to southern Brazil and Paraguay where wild relatives occur. It was spread by the Indians up through South and Central America to the West Indies before Columbus arrived. In 1493 Columbus found the fruit on the island of Guadaloupe and carried it back to Spain and it was spread around the world on sailing ships that carried it for protection against scurvy. The Spanish introduced it into the Philippines and may have taken it to Hawaii and Guam early in the 16th Century. The pineapple reached England in 1660 and began to be grown in greenhouses for its fruit around 1720

Persea species

Common Name: Avocado, Alligator Pear (English); Aguacate, Palta (Spanish) Origin: The avocado probably originated in southern Mexico but was cultivated from the Rio Grande to central Peru before the arrival of Europeans. Species: Guatemalan (Persea nubigena var. guatamalensis L. Wms.), Mexican (P. americana var. drymifolia Blake), West Indian (P. americana Mill. var. americana). Hybrid forms exist between all three types. Related species: Coyo (Persea schiedeana Nees), Anay (Beilschmiedia anay Kosterm) Adaptation: Avocados do well in the mild-winter areas of California, Florida and Hawaii. Some hardier varieties can be grown in the cooler parts of northern and inland California and along the Gulf Coast. The northern limits in California is approximately Cape Mendocino and Red Bluff. Avocados do best some distance from ocean influence but are not adapted to the desert interior. West Indian varieties thrive in humid, tropical climates and freeze at or near 32° F. Guatemalan types are native to cool, high-altitude tropics and are hardy 30 - 26° F. Mexican types are native to dry subtropical plateaus and thrive in a Mediterranean climate. They are hardy 24 - 19° F. Avocados need some protection from high winds which may break the branches. There are dwarf forms of avocados suitable for growing in containers. Avocados have been grown in California (Santa Barbara) since 1871

برداشت سیب زمینی:

برداشت سیب زمینی- HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST

How to Grow Potatoes

برداشت به موقع و با تاخیر سیب زمینی:

برداشت سیب زمینی با جدول تاریخ برداشت ها و Early (زود، بزودی، مربوط به قدیم، عتیق، اولیه ، در اوایل، در ابتدا) و Late (دیر، دیرآینده ، اخیر، تازه ، گذشته ، کند، تا دیر وقت، اخیرا، تادیرگاه ، زیاد، مرحوم) سیب زمینی      

به صورت فایل Potato Hill Sand Extraction - DPEMP - pdf  

مدیریت برداشت محصول سیب زمینی به صورت تجاری - مقاله ای با عکس ماشین برداشت سیب زمینی و عکسی از سیب زمینی:

commercial(تجاری.تجارتی، بازرگانی)و production (تولید، محصول.فرآوری، تولید، عمل آوری، ساخت، استخراج، فرآورده ) وHarvest(برداشت) و Management(مدیریت) -Commercial Potato Production - Harvest Management

توسعه کشاورزی و برداشت صنعت سیب زمینی :

Energetically Post-harvest Potato Industry and Order-agriculture Development

development(پیشرفت، توسعه). agriculture(کشاورزی) .order (راسته ، دسته ، طبقه ، زمره ، صنف).industry (صنعت، صناعت، پیشه و هنر، ابتکار، مجاهدت.صنعت).Potato(سیب زمینی).harvest(برداشت).post (پست، شغل، پست کردن ، بدیوار زدن .پست، چاپار، نامه رسان).

هشت صفحه مقاله ای در مورد برداشت سیب زمینی با عکس ماشین برداشت و چگونگی برداشت:

8 صفحه مقاله برداشت سیب زمینی -Potato Association of America Handbook : Harvesting

ایمنی در برداشت سیب زمینی:

safety (ایمنی، بی خطری.ایمنی، سلامت، امنیت، محفوظیت).Potato Harvester Safety

نسخه pdf مقاله بالا-ایمنی در برداشت سیب زمینی